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Astronomers need to account for, like you were saying, the expansion of the universe and the finite speed of light. So astronomers, they can pass these, what are called complications by measuring redshift of distant celestial bodies. So redshift is what you see is a spectral body accelerates further and further away from it. As the universe expands, light and matter, light's far away objects, stretches longer and longer and render wavelengths. The farther and longer the light travels, the greater its redshift becomes. Currently one of the farthest known redshift objects in the galaxy, the G-S-Z 14-0. Its redshift puts it about 209 million years after the Big Bang.