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So when large impacts occur on a planet, the potential exists in the material from the surface finds its way to the end of space, possibly carrying microbes. Scientists think this type of transfer between Mars and Earth happened billions of years ago. O-lides, when herbite air burst spread fragments into a pancake pattern that they refer to as cells. And researchers calculated so that hundreds of billions of cells may have reached Venus from Earth, and hundreds of billions remain viable. About 110, 100 cells are estimated to get dispersed in Venus's cloud each Earth year. And during the last one billion years, about 20 billion cells could have been transferred from Earth, just dropping. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology