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What started all this work? Well, researchers looked at the echinetics, and there were 3,000 genes believed to be responsible for cognition in the primary lineage. Others of paper published February 26 in the journal Nature Scientific Report showed that about 400,000 years ago, 30 of these genes, over and over again, changed the way they coded proteins. This then must have occurred in our common ancestor around 400,000 years ago. These changes dramatically increased the size of our ancestor's brain, but also the number of synapses. And the brain then became capable of forming far more connections along its different parts. This explosion of synapses resulted in a huge cognitive evolution. Thank you for having me.