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So let's quickly first talk about atmospheric physics and it's basically aerodynamic drag and kicking distance and how those two interact. So as you know, as the ball moves through the air, displaces fluid and that generates resistive force opposite to its direction of motion. And the magnitude of this drag is basically dependent on air density. Warmer temperatures provide air molecules with higher kinetic energy and this causes them to spread out and it lowers the overall density of the air. So as a consequence of this, warmer air exerts less aerodynamic drag, allowing a kicked ball to retain its initial velocity longer and travel a greater distance. Furthermore, there's this sort of misconception that I want to talk about and it's regarding humidity, right? So while players often describe human air as feeling heavy, it's actually less dense and drier. Water vapor molecules, they have a lower molecular weight than nitrogen and oxygen they displace. So higher humidity.

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